"There are beautiful people in the north, peerless and independent, and they care about the city, and they care about the country. They don't know the city and the country. It is hard to get a good one." This is a masterpiece of the Han Dynasty poet Li Yannian, but the popularity of this poem However, he was able to play the film "The Ten Faces" starring Zhang Ziyi. In the movie, Zhang Ziyi wore a lake blue long dress and sang a gentleman's dance. The picture was glamorous and beautiful, and it was impressive. The careful audience may have noticed that in the movie, Zhang Ziyi plays a string of blue-green beads on the neck of the character. This is - turquoise.
If we say that each kind of gem will give people a temperament charm, then the temperament of turquoise is just like the little girl dancing in the lake blue long-sleeved man dance, it looks extraordinary, cold and romantic.
a jewel with 7,000 years of history
Turquoise is one of the four famous jade in China, and it is also a rare gemstone with a long history. Its noble status and cultural heritage can be compared with Hetian jade. However, along the long history of history, in the civilization of thousands of years, this beautiful stone uses another name. For a long time in history, this beautiful stone is called "Dianzi" and "Dianzi". Jade or "Bian Dianzi", in Tibet, it was also called "Wang Zong", and the name of turquoise was also started in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, from the perspective of literature classics, the relevant record of the word "turquoise" is relatively small. However, if it is verified from the legacy of the past, then the turquoise culture is a very long and colorful scene.
From the historical relics of archaeological excavations, some turquoise ornaments have been discovered in the cultural sites of the Ligang ruins and the Wuyang ruins of the Wuyang dynasty in the early Neolithic era, dating back about 7,000 years. These turquoise ornaments can even be called the earliest jade articles in China. That is to say, in China, turquoise is the first gemstone that the ancient ancestors chose for decoration. Moreover, the wind of turquoise decoration for thousands of years has been opened and has never been cut off.
Turquoise is a very important decorative gem in the Neolithic human civilization. According to the known archaeological excavation data, many turquoise ornaments appeared in many ancient civilizations such as Yangshao culture, Hongshan culture, Longshan culture and Qijia culture in the Neolithic Age. Among them, the Yangshuo Culture Longgang Temple Site and the Qijia Culture Ledu Liuwan Site are of concern to the industry for the unearthed turquoise. According to incomplete statistics, in the official official excavation, only the pieces of turquoise beads, pendants and other ornaments were unearthed in the Neolithic era, and it was found that in the upper class society at that time, turquoise was very popular. of. And this popularity is in Liaojin. There was no decline in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Turquoise even became an iconic decorative material that distinguished senior officials from the Qing Dynasty.
The first gem material used for inlay decoration
Compared to other jewellery and jade materials, turquoise has another feature - it is the earliest gemstone used in the history of Chinese jewellery. In ancient Chinese jewellery culture, carving is the most important form of expression. This is obviously different from the way of cutting and inlaying of western jewellery culture. However, turquoise is often expressed in mosaic in ancient China. In line with Western jewelry culture. In China's Longshan culture, Qijia culture, Erlitou culture, Shang and Zhou, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period, there were many high-grade objects inlaid with turquoise. In the Longshan culture, there is a turquoise inlaid jade. The Qijia culture has unearthed turquoise inlaid bronze ornaments, while the Erlitou culture has more turquoise inlaid bronze ornaments, and these cards are exquisitely crafted. The model is exquisite and has a high degree of artistry and high technical difficulty. At the 2015 Hong Kong Christie's auction, a small Erlitou culture inlaid turquoise bronze jewelry had a high price of 8.44 million Hong Kong dollars. From the phenomenon of turquoise inlays, we can boldly think that turquoise is the source of Chinese jewelry inlays, and turquoise is also the earliest gemstone material used in China for inlay decoration.
Unique color charm
Among the four famous jade in ancient China, turquoise is the only material lacking in transparent texture, while turquoise is the most bright and colorful material. From the color point of view, the decorative beauty of turquoise is unique among the natural mineral gemstones. Its color is bright and bright, full of enthusiasm, calm and rich, and the high quality blue turquoise can give people a distinctive, noble and special. Aesthetic.
If we say that we want to compare the gemstones with high-quality turquoise color, then the closest color is the most distinguished Paraiba tourmaline in the tourmaline family. Although Paraiba Tourmaline is famous for its magical neon-like electro-optic blue, if you want to strip off the effect of light, then from the color point of view, then high-quality turquoise can be compared with it. It is also the rich and bright color beauty of turquoise that has made it a place in the decorative world. Whether it is from the time of ancient and modern time or from the geographical dimension of China and foreign countries, turquoise is very popular, the reason is precisely because of the special color beauty. This unique color can cause people's universal aesthetic resonance, so they can penetrate time and cross the region for people to love. Many stars and politicians abroad also love turquoise. Domestically, the wearing of turquoise by movie stars is a trend. In the large film "Confucius" filmed last year, Zhou Xun also appeared in the film wearing a bustling set of turquoise headdresses.
A well-known jewellery designer believes that turquoise is a very easy-to-make jewel. The uniform color and clean blue turquoise is easy to form a sharp contrast with other colors, thus achieving a leap-like visual impact. The high-quality blue and green turquoise of the iron wire has a wonderful grid texture. The black iron wire and the blue and green turquoise are themselves a mysterious and tranquil beauty after harmonizing the conflict. Therefore, it can trigger human imagination. At the same time, it gives a unique sense of tranquility.
There are also painters who love the turquoise image to deconstruct the beauty of turquoise with Chinese art. If the image is contrasted by color, there is a kind of elegant and pleasant category in Chinese landscape painting. The beauty of color is just like turquoise. This is - Jinbi landscape. Jinbi Mountain Water appeared in the Tang Dynasty and has an important position in the contemporary era. This type of painting uses the three pigments of mud gold, azurite and stone green as the main color, and the color effect of stone green is the same as that of turquoise. Some painters believe that in ancient times, stone green pigments were finely ground with turquoise or malachite. It can be seen that the beauty of turquoise color even affects a genre of Chinese painting. For the high-quality turquoise iron wire, some people visually contrast the geometrical hollow window, the grid of the sharp iron wire intertwined, just like the irregular border on the Suzhou garden window, it is divided. Many of the spaces, together with the lines that divide it, constitute a natural form of beauty. Of course, this kind of aesthetic has certain subjectivity, but if you want to compare the taste carefully, it is very consistent with the characteristics of turquoise, and it is full of charm.
Domestically rich in turquoise resources
Although the history of processing of turquoise is very long, the true audience of turquoise jewelry has been very limited for a long time. The reason is still resource constraints. From a global perspective, turquoise is produced in many countries around the world. The United States, Egypt, Iran, Russia, China and other countries have higher quality turquoise mineral resources, and there are more than 600 mines producing turquoise. One. Moreover, in terms of the world, China is the country with the most abundant turquoise mineral resources. China's turquoise mineral resources account for about 70% of the world's total. However, due to the small total reserves of minerals, it is difficult to mine. Therefore, the turquoise has always been high above, and did not go too far into the private sector, and there is no opportunity to flow to the mass market.
According to "Gemological Geology", China's main turquoise producing areas are concentrated in the borders of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi, while the turquoise mines in Jixian and Zhushan counties in northwestern Hubei are the most famous. According to the data provided by the Turquoise Chamber of Commerce in Hubei, the world's known turquoise resources, including processed finished products, are only 100,000 tons, and 70% of the global exploitable capacity is concentrated in the Shiyan area. We can also find from the literature that the turquoise of the Shiyan area was once called "Jingzhou Stone" and "Xiangyangdianzi" in ancient times. In the late Ming and early Ming dynasties, Tao Zongyi’s "Geng Genglu" had a record of "Jingzhou Stone". In the Qing Dynasty, Zhushan Turquoise was once on the agenda of the Emperor Qianlong, and the "Trumpet Mountain" in Zhushan County. The mining areas such as "Xiaojiao Mountain" also attracted the attention of Emperor Qianlong.
As far as the domestic turquoise mine is concerned, the highest quality and most famous place of origin is the Yungai Temple. The Yungai Temple turquoise mine was once the largest turquoise enterprise in China, and the turquoise produced by the mine is also famous in the world. "Ji County Geology" said that from the 1954-1999, the total output of turquoise was more than 800 tons, and the accumulated foreign exchange earned 300 million US dollars, the highest annual output reached 30 tons, and the annual output value reached 12 million yuan. The highest peak of its production was in the 1970s and 1980s, and the output was half a ton to one ton per day. Most of Jixian’s fiscal revenue came from this mine. However, in the late 1980s, the mine resources became increasingly scarce. In the 21st century, the Yungai Temple State-owned Turquoise Mine eventually went bankrupt in 2005 due to losses in successive years. At this point, the turquoise mining of Yungai Temple is basically lag, and its share in the turquoise market is getting smaller and smaller. According to some industry insiders, Yungai Temple produced some high-blue turquoise high-quality turquoise in the early years. This high-quality turquoise can even be translucent, with bright luster like porcelain and pure blue sky. Its quality is worldwide. Can be counted in the forefront. However, this high-quality mineral resource is very limited, and it has been basically out of production. Only a fabulous name and a small amount of physical objects produced in the early years remain in the hands of domestic and foreign jewelry collectors. Nowadays, Yungai Temple, Shangyangpo, Huohsi Temple and surrounding areas in Jixian still produce some good quality turquoise. In the current domestic turquoise market, Pixian County Turquoise occupies an important position.
Turquoise has also been praised by some as “Oriental Green Treasureâ€. This title may have originated from commercial operations in recent years, but it also shows the main features of the products in the current domestic turquoise market, that is, the green system. “Bamboo Mountain Green, Cloud Cover Blueâ€, Zhushan County is currently the most abundant area of ​​turquoise minerals in China. The turquoise color of the mining areas such as Qijiao Mountain and Laba Mountain (Trumpet Mountain) is like pine color, with good purity and hardness. The block size is relatively large, the iron wire is relatively small, the disk play is quicker, and the surface has a gelatinous feel after playing, which is a good material for fine carving. In recent years, many bamboo mountains and turquoise have appeared in the market through the processing of Suzhou jade carving technology, and are quite famous in the wenwan market and jade market.
In addition to the Shiyan area, there are also a certain amount of turquoise mineral resources in the Baihe and Ankang areas of Shaanxi. The turquoise of Yueer Lake in Baihe County is also famous. It is said that the turquoise of this area also has the colors of sky blue, light blue, dark green, yellow green, etc., and has luster of oil, but for various reasons, it is rarely seen in the market. The area is made of turquoise.
In the history of the "Heyangdianzi", its mineral production refers to the Hami area of ​​Xinjiang today. The turquoise mining history of the area is more than 3,000 years old. The turquoise unearthed from the Qijia Cultural Site in the Qinghai and Gansu areas of the Neolithic Age is likely to originate from the mining area. Due to changes in the natural environment, the mining area has long disappeared, and there is almost no trace of Xinjiang Hami turquoise in the market.
Although the main producing area of ​​turquoise is in the country, there is a real problem that cannot be avoided. That is, from a global perspective, several types of very high-quality turquoise producing areas are distributed abroad. Bisbee, Lander Blue, Kingman, and Persian Turquois from Iran are excellent varieties in the international jewelry market. The market price is also as high as tens of thousands of yuan per gram. In China, in addition to the high-quality Yungai Temple high-grade high-blue turquoise that was produced in the early years, most of the turquoises are inferior.
Turquoise jewelry market has greater potential
In recent years, the domestic turquoise market has expanded rapidly, and the turquoise industry led by Shiyan in Hubei has also developed rapidly. However, in this fast, the market and industry are not mature enough, and there are some drawbacks and shortcomings. On the one hand, the products on the market are mixed, and the price system is not standardized. On the other hand, the industry is eager for quick success, lack of refined operations, blind pursuit of profits, and lack of long-term strategic awareness. These phenomena have a greater impact on the development of the industry for consumers.
We get feedback from the market, and many consumers show two reactions in the face of turquoise: one is expensive, and the other is fear. This "expensive" and "fake" has pushed many consumers who like turquoise to the market door. In the long run, this is the ultimate rope to stifle the good development of the market. The current good market in the turquoise market is due to the stimulation of the prosperous jewels of Zhuzhu, and it is also driven by the policies and means of the local government of the Shiyan. Before this wave of market, the domestic turquoise industry experienced export earnings in the 1970s, and then it was slightly silently exported to the Tibetan market. However, after the rise of wenwan jewelry, the Beijing market quickly infected the country with the pursuit of the original ore. It happened that the Shiyan regional government strengthened the control of turquoise mineral resources, so that the price of turquoise rose like a boom, in just two Within three years, the price of turquoise has turned over several times. In the past, the price has become more than a thousand dollars, and now there are more than 10,000 yuan. After the emerald, Huanglongyu, and South Red Agate, Turquoise also sat on the "crazy stone".
However, is the price of turquoise on the market reasonable now? Is there a big bubble? It can be said with certainty that some very good turquoise prices are still normal, but at the same time, it can be said objectively that some of the poor quality turquoises have risen with the tide in this boom, and there is indeed a price in the middle. foam. Some of the optimizations and even the fake turquoise are shoddy. It is really a disruption to the market, and the behavior is fraud.
In this case, the regulation of the turquoise market, and the conscious and self-discipline of the turquoise industry practitioners are very necessary, and only in this way can the market develop better and let the industry go further. Fortunately, in 2015, the turquoise industry in Shiyan District has realized this, and established the Shiyan Turquoise Chamber of Commerce and the introduction of the “Ten Shi Turquoise Quality Grading Standard†to constrain the market and remove obstacles for the long-term development of this industry.
“Segmentation†is the road to healthy development of the Songshi market
A gemstone can go through 7,000 years of history, so it must have strong vitality and special charm. Therefore, in this modern and jewellery market with its blossoming and individuality, turquoise jewelry must have a place and its market potential is huge. .
Compared with foreign markets, the stage of domestic turquoise jewelry is still relatively low. At present, domestic turquoise jewellery is mainly based on beads, followed by some carved flower pieces, and fashion mosaic products are very lacking. From the special shape of turquoise mineral resources and its special beauty, it is precisely the turquoise is more suitable for fashion inlay. However, influenced by traditional culture, the current mainstream route of turquoise is the road of jade carving and beading. Although, in the early stage of the development of this industry, the supply of such a price-based product route can quickly bring more economic benefits, but in the long run, this product structure pricing method is simple, product added value The space is relatively small, and it is prone to the phenomenon of product assimilation and waste of raw materials.
In the western jewellery market, the development of turquoise jewellery is very mature, the turquoise inlaid jewellery is full of style, and the product grading is also in place, from high-grade custom turquoise jewellery to ordinary turquoise jewellery with matching clothes, and optimized turquoise. Will appear in the jewelry at the same time as the identity. This segmented product structure is of great reference to the domestic turquoise market.
We may wish to envisage that, with the support of the more standardized and scientific turquoise grading system, the turquoise market has both high-end personalized turquoise jewels such as blue sky, refined turquoise carvings with cultural charm, and fashionable green. Turquoise inlaid jewelry, but also there are also a number of moving turquoise beads, such as beads, and even more. If this is the case, then the jewels that have been spelt out as "the last color stone of the maiden to fill the sky" will be beautifully beautiful next to more people!
Medium Nitrile Gloves,Nitrile Examination Gloves,Pink Paws Nitrile Gloves,Health Nitrile Exam Gloves
Jiangsu Yijin Import and Export Trade Co., Ltd , https://www.dailysafecare.com