The Shang Dynasty has been more than 3,000 years old, far and mysterious. The Shang Dynasty civilization is not only famous for its solemn bronzes, but also its many jade articles are also remembered by future generations. The famous esthetician Li Zehou once described the bronzes of the Shang Dynasty as stern beauty, so the jade articles of the Shang Dynasty were called mysterious beauty."
If the Shang Dynasty was before the "Shenyu era", then the Chinese jade in the Shang Dynasty entered the "Wang Yu era." At this stage, Chinese society has experienced a transformation from primitive society to slave society, and social forms have undergone tremendous changes. Social life has also changed, and jade articles have gone down the altar and entered social life.
But it is not the ordinary people who can get intimate contact with it. It is only a special product of the emperor and the royal family. The Shang Dynasty has completed the social division of labor between handicraft industry and agriculture. The jade industry has become an independent handicraft production department, and a large number of jade workers with higher artistic standards have emerged.
This has been reflected in the historical records, "Yi Zhou Shu" said: "Where the king of Wuwu captures the old Yuyi billion." This figure may be exaggerated, but it can be seen that the possession of Shang Dynasty jade is very large.
The early jade articles of the Shang Dynasty were not found much, and the tanning system was also rough.
The jade articles of the late Shang Dynasty were represented by jade articles unearthed from the Yinxu Women's Tomb in Anyang, Henan Province. A total of 755 jade articles were unearthed. According to their purposes, they can be divided into six categories: rituals, ceremonies, tools, living utensils, decorations and miscellaneous items. Women's good is one of the sixty-four scorpions of Shang Wang Wu Ding. She is deeply loved by Wu Ding, and her name appears as many as 170 times in Oracle.
Wu Ding was in the 59th year of the Nanzheng War, and the world was always in the middle of the world. Women often helped the husband to go out. According to the Oracle records, when Wu Ding fell, the woman had led the army to 13,000 people to help the war. She even went to the northwest earth country. Due to the favor of Wu Wang, after the death of the woman, Wu Wang buried a large number of jade as a wealth for the woman. This provides the best evidence for the merchant's idea of ​​using jade as a precious wealth.
Xia Dynasty began to make jade with bronze tools
In the Xia Dynasty, people began to use a small amount of bronze tools to make jade. With the improvement of the bronze smelting technology in the Shang Dynasty, the jade workers used a large number of bronze tools, which made the jade technology a qualitative improvement and the efficiency was greatly improved. At this time, the jade workers have been able to skillfully combine the line engraving, relief, round carving and openwork, which greatly increases the visual three-dimensional sense.
At the same time, the jade wares of this period were also greatly enriched, and there were rituals such as jade, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals, gui, and cymbals that resembled bronzes; there were jade, cymbals, cymbals, cymbals, and guineas that resembled bronzes.礼 璜 et al; ritual use of Ge, spear, scorpion, knife, etc.; animals, characters jade greatly exceeds the geometric jade, jade dragon, phoenix, tiger, bear, eagle, fish, turtle, lynx, parrot and other animal parts, demeanor Different, shape God Bi Xiao; jade people, or standing, or squatting, or sitting, diverse postures, is the master, or slaves, prisoners, can be identified one by one. "
Many of them are new types that have never been seen before. The most worth mentioning is the jade, which is used to protect the fingers of the bow when arching and archery. It can be said that it was the time of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States. Heart-shaped, the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty. Yu Yuren is the earliest living jade jade. Yu Yu is the earliest living jade
The Shang Dynasty has been able to make live ring jade, and the earliest live jade in China appeared.
At the technological level, the Shang Dynasty jade has also been innovated. Yu Yu, unearthed from the Xingan Shang Tomb of Jiangxi Province, has a chain of three living rings behind his head, which is the earliest living jade in China.
At the same time, the Shang Dynasty also appeared the earliest jade jade in China, that is, the jade that was unearthed from the Anyang Women's Tomb in Henan, the armor was partially black, the other parts were gray, the color of the objects was clear, the image was vivid, and the beauty was almost the same as the true. It can be described as a skill. With its long history, unique cultural connotation and rich mystery, Shang Dynasty jade is widely favored and sought after by collectors in the collectible market.
Shang Dynasty jade imitation goods flood
Due to the age, the surviving quantity of the real jade articles of Shang Dynasty is small, and the imitation goods in the market are flooding. Identification should start from the five aspects of materials, work, type, grain and sputum.
Jade materials should be based on the collection of museums. To understand the characteristics and scope of the jade materials used in Shang Dynasty, at least to understand the jade materials commonly used in modern imitations. For example, if a jade is a Qinghai material, then it will certainly not be the Shang Dynasty, because the history of the use of these materials is nearly two or three decades.
If there are no conditions, at least understand the processing technology of modern jade, such as more cracks in the Yinxian line, white powder in the hole, and the basic spiral pattern is a modern imitation; the shape and the ornamentation must be seen more accurately. According to the actual object or picture, understand the characteristics and style of the Shang Dynasty jade, such as the artifacts cloned by the Yuxi people unearthed from the woman's tomb. The basics of the Han Dynasty ornamentation on the jade of the Shang Dynasty style can be determined to be imitations;
Twilight is the change in color quality caused by the dyeing of connected materials after the jade is placed in the soil. Carefully stained with artificially dyed and fake parts made of jade or natural jade.
Bamboo Sock,Bamboo Socks For Women,Bamboo Fiber Socks,Colorful Sport Bamboo Socks
Jingjiang Pingdong Import&Export Co.,Ltd , https://www.socksjjpd.com