The high efficiency and low energy consumption of cooling towers is an eternal goal in the development of cooling tower technology. Cooling towers and energy conservation have two meanings: First, they emphasize the research of cooling towers, optimize cooling tower components (such as packing, water distribution, water eliminators, etc.), and improve and improve the design methods of cooling towers (such as flow field analysis and water distribution Uniformity of the wind, precise pneumatic calculations of the cooling tower, etc.) to increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The second is to tap and renovate the huge number of cooling towers currently in operation to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption. We believe that cooling towers can achieve energy savings through the following approaches.
Lower the cooling tower water supply head. In addition to the motor cooling tower energy consumption, there are hot water pumps sent to the water distribution system power consumption, its power consumption is much larger than the fan, with 4000m3 / h circulating water, for example, the fan shaft power consumption is l37kW · h, and The power consumption of a pump that raises 4000m3/h of water to a 10m head is 167.8kW·h, which is 22.4% more than that of the fan. If the head of 2.0m can be reduced, it can save 33kW·h of power consumption. This is a big value. As we all know, reducing the height of the air inlet, reducing the resistance of the water supply pipe and using low-pressure nozzles can reduce the head of the pump. In order to achieve the above objectives, we conducted tests for the uniformity of the distribution of the air inlet type (including different louvers and diversion nozzles) and the low-pressure nozzles. Tests have proved that when the air volume is constant, as the air inlet decreases, the air inlet flow rate increases and the air inlet resistance increases. Smoke experiments have found that the tip effect of the upper edge of the air inlet is also more pronounced. This shows that the "Technical Design Specifications for Mechanical Ventilation and Cooling Tower" has a certain limit on the inlet area ratio of the cooling tower, but from the overall design of the cooling tower, The addition of a baffle along the air inlet can greatly improve the uniformity of the flow into the filler and allow the filler to be fully excavated. The determination of the even distribution of gas can be determined by the ratio of the static pressure of a certain characteristic section (such as a section at the air chamber) to the dynamic pressure of the air inlet (also called the pressure ratio). When the pressure ratio is greater than 5 to 8, the gas flow can be considered uniform.
Reduce the pressure of water supply In addition to reducing the height of the air inlet, another important step is to use a nozzle with even water and low pressure. To meet these two requirements, we conduct nozzle screening on the nozzle test device to measure the flow and pressure of the nozzle. Spray height and spray angle, nozzle flow coefficient, consider the uniformity of the distribution of water for each nozzle, the best choice. Based on this, the optimized hydraulic calculation of the water distribution system such as the main pipe, the branch pipes, and the pipe wall connecting the nozzles is performed. At present, after testing the limited types of nozzles, the ideal low-pressure nozzles are K2, NS5A, and GEA spray nozzles.
Improve the cooling tower heat transfer efficiency. High-efficiency cooling towers require low gas-water ratios for design tasks, small air volume, and low power consumption. Previous studies have improved the efficiency of cooling towers, focusing on water-spraying devices (fillers) such as fillers. Shape (porosity, specific surface area), material (hydrophilicity, strength), and ignoring the boundary conditions when obtaining the filler characteristics and model tests, subject to boundary conditions of the test, so that the filler characteristics Ka = Agm · qn or The performance of N=A posture performance is limited. Regardless of the boundary conditions, weather conditions, and water temperature changes in the cooling tower design, the "A" in the thermal characteristic equation is considered as a constant, plus the water distribution in the industrial tower. Conditions and air distribution conditions are far from the laboratory conditions, so the full potential of filler characteristics cannot be fully realized. Comparing the thermal properties of similar fillers at home and abroad, it is found that although all are film-type fillers, the mass per unit volume is similar, the specific surface area and porosity are similar, only the details of the configuration are different, but the thermal properties differ greatly, and the filler with high performance is completed. For the same design task, the gas-water ratio required is much smaller, and the fan power is much lower. Therefore, in addition to continuing to develop new types of fillers, it is also necessary to pay attention to the potential of existing fillers, to improve test equipment and methods, and to perform thermal testing, as well as the uniformity of the water distribution, the uniformity of inlet air, and different watering Density and characteristics at different wind speeds are differentiated and demonstrated in different meteorological conditions and different operating zones so that the characteristics of the filler can be fully and effectively used.
Cooling tower tapping potential. The transformation of the old tower can't stay in the renewal of the damaged parts inside the tower. The meaning of the renovation should focus on tapping the potential.
Most of the cooling towers built around the 1960s and 1970s are still in operation today, but their cooling efficiency is mostly unsatisfactory. For example, the area of ​​the tower is 8m×8m, and the treated water volume is 360m3/h to 400m3/h. The 4.75m fan has an installed capacity of 47kW.
The cooling efficiency of several cooling towers built in the mid-1990s has been greatly improved. For example, the counterflow cooling tower built at a chemical plant in North China in 1993 has a counter-flow cooling tower with a size of l7m×l7m. Vertebral 9.2m, equipped with motor 180kW, identified by authoritative organizations, when the matching motor power is 200kW, further increase the fan air flow (air-water ratio reaches 0.705), the performance of the tower can meet the design requirements. It can be seen that the tower's watering density has risen to 13.8m3/h, and the cooling tower efficiency has been greatly improved, but the power consumption is nearly 50kW higher than that of a foreign type of cooling tower. It can be imagined that the old cooling towers currently in operation have great potential for tapping potential.
In recent years, great progress has been made in cooling technology. New materials, new processes, etc. are constantly emerging, and the development of efficient cooling towers is changing with each passing day. The objective conditions for tapping and renovating old towers are already in place.
The reconstruction of the old tower may be more complicated than the new tower design, because the original main structure should be used, and the original fan and its transmission mechanism should be kept as far as possible, which is different from the ideal reconstruction design scheme. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the status quo of reconstructed towers, and reform and design old towers according to the local system, so that new technologies and new components of cooling towers will play a greater role in the transformation of old towers.
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