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The image of the gods and beasts is the main theme of the Liangzhu culture jade, and is also regarded as the soul of Liangzhu jade.
In the early part of the Liangzhu culture, the animal face of the egg-shaped fangs, which was mutated from the dragon's first line, began to appear on some jade articles in the Yuling and Yaoshan of Zhangling Mountain, indicating that the Liangzhu culture's own jade ornamentation Initial formation. In the early stage of the mid-term, the animal face pattern evolved into a complete image of the human face of the gods and humans who combined the crown cap, the face and the limbs. The phenomenon that the "God Man" representing the gods or ancestors above the animal "the animal face" is the belief feature of the early rice culture in Jiangnan, China.
The most complete image of the human face of the gods is currently only found in the tomb of the No. 12 anti-mountain. It is a collection of four jade articles for the “King of the Kingâ€, the “King of the Kingâ€, the cylinder and the “scepterâ€. Among them, the image of the eight gods in the straight groove on the four sides of the "King of the King" and the images of the two faces of the gods on the back of the "King of the King" are spread on the plane; the six human faces on the cylinder The image is spread for the arc surface; and the "scepter" crown is a rare "full flower" in the Liangzhu jade. It is characterized by a bas-relief image of the bas-relief. The lines of the Yin line are integrated into each other.
These most complete images of the human face are only about 3 cm high and about 4 cm wide. They are about the size of a matchbox, but the ornamentation has at least three levels: the bas-relief and the animal face of the bas-relief It constitutes the highest level; the inverted trapezoidal face of the godhead with the bow-shaped crown of the feathers outlined by the Yin line, and the eyes, nose and mouth of the beast constitute the second level of the image; and in the straight groove or arc The limbs of the gods that are “pushing†out on the surface by the Yin line constitute the third level of the image. On the second and third levels, the outer ring edge and bottom of the round face of the animal face are relatively neat and smooth, and the tube is drilled, and the other negative lines are formed by “knife†multiple times. In such a square, the lines are as slender as the lines, the patterns are intricate and dense, and the naked eye can't be identified in detail. In modern times, it seems that only the master of micro-carving is competent. In addition to the application of the highest, fine and sophisticated technology and equipment at that time, the skills and equipment acquired through long-term training and teaching are naturally essential, and the spirit of "engraving" and the spirit of the gods Devout and fear, I am afraid it is the key to success.
The most complete image of the human face of the gods in the early period of the middle of the Liangzhu period, according to the different carriers, the formation of two different trends of the reduction: a carrier for the ç®, ç® tube, cone and other square column jade . The image of the human face is first simplified as the subdivision of the face of the gods and the face of the beast, and then further simplified and omitted. In the late stage, the avatars consisting of ribbed ribs, noses and small circles are common. In the end, even the small round eyes of the gods are omitted. It shows the tendency to more and more emphasize the gods and completely obliterate the animal face. Another type of carrier is a flat body shape such as a cymbal, a trigeminal, a jade back, and a cylindrical jade. The simplification and omission of the image of the human face is just the opposite of the former, and finally highlights the animal face and hides the image of the god. Therefore, whether the ornamentation and the shape correspond to each other is an important ruler for identifying the Liangzhu culture jade jade.
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