Human civilization began in the Stone Age. After the accumulation of civilizations of the Paleolithic period of two or three million years, the sacred jade that has been sublimated after tens of thousands of years of Neolithic age is known for its hard texture, delicate structure and warm color. He Yuyu is undoubtedly the representative of the most advanced productive forces and advanced culture of that era. Therefore, when Zhou Muwang drove the eight-hundred-powered team, the Western Tour and the Western Queen’s Queen Kunlun’s feast on the Yaochi, they would like to praise the day: “On the mountain of the world, the place of Baoyuâ€, and the jade of the mountains The version of the three times, jade clothes, so the Yu Wan Wan also."
According to archaeological studies, the 韶 韶 韶 韶 关 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 The history, and proved that the "Jade Road" originating from the northern slope of Kunlun has been traversing things and unimpeded for thousands of years before the "Silk Road".
Jade, this is a kind of stone. The Eastern Han Xu Shen "Said Wen Jie Zi" Note: "Jade, the beauty of the stone." China and Daiyu from a kind of material to tools to commodities to a culture and become a symbol and coagulation of the Chinese nation's moral spirit, is The long history of humanity and the participation of personality power. In the pre-Qin period, and Yu Yutong was called "Kunshan Jade." "Historical Records Zhao Shijia" contains, "hook, 斩 Changshan and kill it, three hundred miles and pass through Yan, Daimahu dog does not go down, Kunshan's jade does not come out, this three treasures are not kings have." "Historical Records · Li Si Chuan" Day: "This is the jade of Kunshan to the mountains, there is a treasure of easygoing." To the Han Dynasty and Daiyu has become a "national jade", well-known at home and abroad, when people and Yu Yu called "Hanyu." In history, there are also known as "Jade of Yu's", "Jade of Saishan", "Jade of Zhongshan", "Jade of Jade" and so on. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, Yu Yuguo was a world-famous jade capital. The name "He Yuyu" is the ingenuity of contemporary scholars. The researcher not only preserved the historical origins of the ancient jade produced in the ancient times, but also called the homonym of the field, expressing a process of name evolution. Therefore, from the Kashgar, the Shache, the Yecheng, the Moyu, the Hetian, the Yutian, the end, the east to the Ruoqiang Kunlun Mountain, the northern slope of the Altun Mountains, more than 1,500 kilometers long and narrow strips produced by magnesium The tremolites (mainly including white jade, topaz, white jade, sapphire, jade, etc.) formed by contact with the medium-acid magma are collectively referred to as China and Daiyu.
The end mining and the jade jade are not only a long history, but also the main producing area of ​​the jade. According to the Eastern Han Bangu "Han Shu" records: "In the west of Yuxi, the water is flowing west, the West Sea; the east, the water east, the note Yanze (Yanze is Lop Nur, author's note), the river source, the jade. According to this record, we can draw the following conclusions: At the end of the story, the first river in the east of the water, "Shuidongliu, Yanzeze" is the Cheerchen River. At the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, the end was attributed to the jurisdiction of the ruling, and the name was about Changcheng. Therefore, "Xinjiang Zhiwu" recorded "Yu's Jade Mountain 3: The Days of the Water Mountain, in the county town of 250 miles, the Japanese sensible to the mountains... ...Japan Uruksu". Uruksu is the main tributary of the upper reaches of the Cheerchen River that originated in the Altun Mountains. According to Marco Polo, who arrived in 1271 or 1272, in his "Marco Polo Travels", "Shachang Province (now Hemo County)... there are several rivers in the territory, and also produced and Daiyu and jasper, most of these jade are sold to Qidan, which is a huge quantity of products. It is a large-scale product of the province." During the planned economy period after the founding of New China, the development of Yuyu and Yuyu was carried out in a planned manner under the leadership of the state. Xinjiang established a arts and crafts company as a management, acquisition and external sales and sales organization. In the 1970s, jade mines were established in Qiemo, Yuxi and Manas, and in Hetian, Hetian and Kashgar. The acquisition station was set up in the same place. In the 1980s, Xinjiang planned to mine about 25 tons per year, and the end was about 21 tons. According to the statistics of "China and Saitama" by Mr. Tang Yanling, among the six mining sites registered in the Qing Dynasty, there were two jade mines, Tatlerksu and Tashsayi. At present, the main mining sites are mines such as Tatlerksu and Tashsayi, as well as ancient mined pits such as Yunussayi and Hadariqiqitai. In particular, Tatlerkesu is the longest, according to experts for the Han Dynasty mining site.
In the history of modern jade, the annual output of jade is nearly 100 tons, accounting for more than 70% of the total output of jade. The Tatlerkesu mine is currently the largest mining area in Xinjiang and Daiyu.
Throughout the ages, the end is still a place rich in huge and jade. According to historical records, the King of the Yu Kingdom, Li Shengtian, who was sealed by the imperial court in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, took office and was closely related to the Song Dynasty. He was often sent to Beijing for tribute. "Song Shu" contains, Kaibao two years (AD 969, at this time and at the end of the jurisdiction of the country, named Jochang City), Yu Yuguo king "transfer to the end of the tribute, and said that the country has jade One piece. Where there are two hundred and thirty-seven pounds, I would like to go in and let it be taken." In 1992, at the end of the production of a piece of white jade weighing 700 kilograms, sold to Xinjiang Xintian International Jewelry Co., Ltd., in 1995 at the end of the Tatlerkesu jade mine, a piece of heavy white jade weighing 1,502 kg, the jade and the indigo white jade The weight of the material is the most impressive Guinness World Record. There is also a sapphire weighing about 50 tons in the upper reaches of the Tashsayi River in Qiemo County. Until now, there is no way to transport it to the mountain.
Due to the constraints of production tools, the ancients mainly chose jade in the river. Kunlun, the ice and snow melted, the river was raging, the original jade mine on the mountain was collapsed by the mountain and the wind and rain were denuded. The jade was distributed in the flat riverbed with the flood, so it produced the tradition of fishing jade in the river for thousands of years. In the case of extremely difficult traffic in ancient times, jade mining is generally carried out by the near and far, from the river to the fishing and then to the source of the river for mine development. The record of Marco Polo and the reality of contemporary jade prove that there are at least 10 rivers in the end of the country with jade (see Table 3). Undoubtedly, in the long historical period before and after the arrival of Marco Polo, the end is mainly based on the jade as the main way to obtain jade, accompanied by mining, especially the depletion of jade in the river, and finally only the mountain to find A road to jade.
The end of the variety and the jade jade variety, white jade, green white jade, sugar jade, sapphire production are very impressive, especially known as green white jade, sugar wrapped jade, sapphire.
The jade ornaments carved by the end of the year and the jade jade are collected by the famous celebrities of the past. The royal tributes that were given in ancient times were named after the 阗, and it is difficult to test the specific origin. However, modern times, such as the “White Jade Pagoda Furnace†carved by Yangzhou Jade Factory, was rated as an excellent work in the first jade carving quality appraisal meeting in the country. It was praised as “Longan†in Japan in 1981 and is known as the world. It is now collected as a treasure by the state. Most of the works on the jade carving screen of the Xinjiang Hall in the Great Hall of the People are all kinds of jade and jade materials produced by the end. The “White Jade Five-Pagoda Tower†carved by Yangzhou Jadeware Factory in 1985 is a contemporary jade carving treasure. It is now collected by the state. It is made of the finest white jade material from the end of the Tatler Susu mineral.
In 1985, the former General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Hu Yaobang inspected and finally, and the county party committee and county people's government presented the general secretary Yuma Yi. This treasure is carved by Yangzhou Jade Factory and finished with white and white jade. It is now collected by the state.
The end of the sum of the Yu and Yuyu reserves, the famous mining area in addition to Tatlerksu, as well as Tash Sayi, Yunus Sayi, Brak Sayi, Hadari Khitai and so on. According to research, from the construction of the jade mine in 1972 and the mining of the ancient times for thousands of years, only three mines in the Tatlerksu mine, the Yunussayi mine, and the Tashsayi mine remain. The ruins of less than 1 square kilometer were laid. From the construction of the mine in 1972, nearly 30 years ago, 2,870 tons of jade were collected, and the mining area of ​​the above-mentioned three mines was only 0.5 square kilometers. Other mines are branches of this main jade line and have not yet been geologically explored. The 3 mines are in turn 50 km from the Yunussayi mine and 60 km from the Tatlerkesu mine. They are all on a “jade lineâ€, which is an average of 1 km wide. The distribution of jade mines is 110 square kilometers, and the reserves are expected to be more than 330,000 tons.
The Kunlun Mountains and the treasures of the Altun Mountains, which are the ancestors of the Wanshan Mountains, are called “no man's landâ€, and it is still unknown how many jade jade is buried. Fortunately, in order to meet the needs of the country's western development, since 2000, the Ministry of Geology and Minerals has arranged more than a dozen teams to carry out geological surveys in the Altun Mountains and Kunlun Mountains in the end, and the mining of the final production and jadeite must We will show our broader development prospects based on scientific geological exploration results.
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